Effect of Inhibitors on Electron Transport and ATP

What is the effect of each of the following inhibitors on electron transport and ATP formation by the respiratory chain? a) Rotenone b) DNP (dinitrophenol) c) Carbon Monoxide d) Antimycin (details are needed)

Fallacy of Freezing Recently Deceased with Liquid Nitrogen

Certain unscrupulous operators offer, for a fee, to freeze recently deceased individuals in liquid nitrogen until medical science can cure the disease from which they died. What is the biochemical fallacy of this procedure?

Nigericin

Nigericin is an ionophore that exchanges K+ for H+ across membranes. Explain how the treatment of functioning mitochondria with nigericin uncouples electron transport form oxidative phosphorylation. Does valinomycin, an ionophore that transports K+ but not H+, do the same? Explain.

Atractyloside in Plants

Atractyloside is a glycoside found in certain plants that leads to herbal poisoning worldwide, wspecially in Africa and the Mediterranean regions. How does atractyloside affect mitochondrial respiration?

Determine how many molecules of ATP are produced from 1 mol of ethanol.

Ethanol is oxidized in the liver to form acetate, which is converted to acetyl-CoA. Determine how many molecules of ATP are produced from 1 mol of ethanol. Note that 2 mol of NADH are produced when ethanol is oxidized to form acetate.

What is the yield of ATP

What is the yield of ATP when each of the following substrates is completely oxidized to CO2 by a mammalian cell homogenate? Assume that glycolysis, the citric cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are fully active. a) Pyruvate b) NADH c) Fructose 1,6-biphosphate d) Glucose e) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (Plea ...continues

How many ATP can be generated?

14CH3-COOH is fed to microorganisms during an experiment. Trace the 14C through the citric cycle. How many ATP molecules can be generated from 1 mol of this substance? (The conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA required the consumption of 2 ATP.) -I'm so lost on this question. Can someone please explain this to me?

DCCD

Conduction of protons by the F0 unit of ATP synthase is blocked by modification of a single side chain by dicyclohexylcarboiimide (DCCD). What are the most likely targets of action of this reagent? How might you use site-directed mutagenesis to determine whether this residue is essential for proton conduction?

Reactive Oxygen Species

Which of the following are reactive oxygen species (ROS)? Which is each ROS dangerous? a) O2 b) OH- c) RO d) O2- (Please be detailed in your answer)

Enzymatic Activity that Protexts the Cell from Damage

Describe the enzymatic activities used by cells to protect themselves from oxidative damage.