How can DCCD be used to study ATP synthase?

Conduction of protons by the F0 unit of ATP synthase is blocked by modification of a single side chain by dicyclohexylcarboiimide (DCCD). What are the most likely targets of action of this reagent? How might you use site-directed mutagenesis to determine whether this residue is essential for proton conduction?

Balancing Word Reactions: Double Displacements

I am having difficulty understanding net ionic equations. Below are the problems. 1.) Sodium Phosphate + Cobalt II Nitrate 2.) Sodium phosphate + Barium Nitrate 3.) Sodium Iodine + Cobalt II Nitrate 4.) Sodium Phosphate + Iron II Nitrate 5.) Sodium Sulfate + Barium Nitrate 6.) Sodium Carbonate + Iron II ...continues

For the equilibrium reaction Mg(OH)2 <-> Mg2+ + 2OH- What happens when HCl or EDTA is added to the reaction?

For the equilibrium Mg(OH)2(S) <-> Mg2+(aq) + OH-(aq). A.) Which way should the equilibrium shift when HCI is added? What observation would you make? B.) Which way should the equilibrium shift when Na2EDTA is added? What observation would you make? c.) Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? How do ...continues

La Chatelier's Principle and sulfuric acid is affected by sodium sulfate, sodium bisulfate and heat

For the following reaction HSO4-(aq) + H2O <-> H3O+(aq) + SO42- A.) How will the equilibrium change when Na2SO4 is added? B.) How will the equilibrium change when NaHSO4 is added? C.) Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic?

Protein structure and NMR spectroscopy of Valine Leucine

A biochemist is studying the structure of a protein using NMR. He would like to measure the distance between hydrogens of the methyl groups of Val and Leu and other hydrogens in the molecule. Using a well established approach he is able to assign signals from the methyl groups of each Val and Leu residue in his protein. But t ...continues

Michaelis-Menten Reactions

Please explain: An enzyme catalyzes a reaction at 20μmol/min when the substrate [s] is 0.01M. The Km for this substrate is 1 x 10-5M Assuming michaelis-menten kinetics are followed, what would the reaction velocity be when the concentration [s] is (a) 1 x 10-5 M (b) 1 x 10-6 M? Am I looking for Vo or Vmax or both? Pleas ...continues

flue (influenza), Vaccines, Viruses and Bacteria

Why are vaccines developed to combat flu only partially effective? Why has the search for treatments for the flu (or a cure), been less successful than the development of drugs to combat or cure bacterial infections?

Specifically how to calculate the number of nucleotides needed in mRNA to from a given number of amino acids in a protein. This calculation also works to find the number of DNA nucleotides required to form a protein.

If a single polypeptide chain protein contains 185 amino acids, what is the smallest number of mRNA nucleotides that could code for this protein? How is this calculated? If looking for the number of DNA nucleotides, the answer is the same. The number is the same because mRNA is complimentary to a DNA sequence, matching a sing ...continues

Calculate Vmax and Km

How do I calculate Km and Vmax from a date table? It seems there are different equations for Km and which numbers do I use? Please see the attached file for the fully formatted problems. Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives with a variety of extremely potent actions on vertebrate tissues. The ...continues

Michaelis-Menten Kinetics

Why is the graph of 1/reaction velocity v 1/substrate a more accurate value for Km than just reaction velocity v substrate?