11. Define restriction enzymes, and outline how they are used to make recombinant DNA. 12. Outline the PCR process and provide an example of its use. 13. Describe five ways of getting DNA into a cell. 14. Describe how a gene library is made. 15. Differentiate between cDNA and synthetic DNA. 16. ...continues
21. Explain the purpose of Bergey's Manual and differentiate the types. 22. Describe how staining and biochemical tests are used to identify bacteria. 23. Differentiate between Western blotting and Southern blotting. 24. Explain how serological tests and phage typing can be used to identify an unknown organ ...continues
31. Provide an example of a latent viral infection. 32. Differentiate among persistent viral infections, slow viral infections, latent viral infections. 33. Differentiate between virus, viroid, and prion. 34. Describe the lytic cycle of T-even bacteriophages. 35. Describe the lysogenic cycle of bacteri ...continues
Study questions: viruses, bacteria, diseases, etc.
41. Describe general characteristics of picornaviruses. 42. Define plaque, lawn of bacteria. 43. Define normal and transient microbiota. 44. Compare commensalism, mutualism, symbiosis, and parasitism, and give an example of each. 45. List Koch's postulates and the exceptions. 46. Categorize diseas ...continues
51. Explain how capsules and cell wall components contribute to pathogenicity. 52. Discuss the causes of symptoms in fungal, protozoan, helminthic, and algal diseases. 53. Name the microbes that produce most of the antibiotics. 54. Identify five modes of action of antimicrobial drugs. 55. Describe inh ...continues
Use the attached dilution scheme for 1 and 2, each problem has to calculated
1. If the original culture contains 5 x 10 ^9 cfu/ml, how many cfu/ml are in each tube? How many colonies are on each plate? 2. If tube C contains 60,000 cfu/ml, how many cfu/ml are in the original culture, how many cfu/ml are in the other tubes, and how many colonies are on each plate? 3. How would you inoculate a plate t ...continues
Synthetic and complex media; methods to grow anaerobes
1. Which of the four media below are synthetic medium and which are complex media? 2. Which of the four media below are used to grow autotrophs? Which media are used to grow fastidious microbes? 3. Define nonfastidous? 4. List all the methods that can be used to grow anaerobes? See attached file for full proble ...continues
Microbiology Questions related to transformation and competent cells
1. If you spread 0.1 ml of 10-3 of a sewage sample on a plate, and obtained 221 colonies on the plate after incubation, how many CFU/ml were present in the undiluted sewage sample? Please show work 2. How can you make E.coli cells competent so that they can be transformed? 3. What is the appearance of transformed bacteria ...continues
1. Define natural competency? 2. What is a serial dilution? 3 True or False. You can use plaque assay to determine the number of a lysogenic phage? 4. Can a spectrophotometer be used to measure viable counts of bacteria in culture? 5. Is transmittance or absorbance directly related to the concentration particles pr ...continues
Serial Dilutions and Enterococcus faecalis
Serial Dilutions and Enterococcus faecalis. The procedure used is attached and the questions are attached via the document 1.
