30 questions on critical thinking which is multiple choice and true or false

11. IF WE LEGALIZE MARIJUANA, THEN MORE PEOPLE WILL START TO TAKE CRACK
AND HEROIN, AND THEN WE’D HAVE TO LEGALIZE THOSE TOO. BEFORE LONG
WE’LL HAVE A NATION FULL OF DRUG ADDICTS ON WELFARE.

NON SEQUITUR

AD HOMINEM

POST HOC ERGO PROPTER HOC

SLIPPERY SLOPE

APPEAL TO EMOTION

12. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EXPECTS HOSPITALS TO PERFORM 10,000 ORGAN
TRANSPLANTS NEXT Y EAR. BUT IT IS DOUBTFUL THAT THIS MANY DONOR ORGANS
WILL BE AVAILABLE, SINCE THE NUMBER OF FATALITIES RESULTING FROM CAR AND
MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENTS HAS BEEN DROPPING STEADILY OVER THE PAST DECADE.

THE ARGUMENT ABOVE MAKES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ASSUMPTIONS?

A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF THE ORGANS USED IN TRANSPLANTS COME FROM PEOPLE
WHO DIE IN CAR AND MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENTS.

THE NUMBER OF CAR AND MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENTS WILL INCREASE SIGNIFICANTLY
DURING THE NEXT YEAR.

NO MORE THAN 10,000 PEOPLE WILL BE IN NEED OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS DURING
THE NEXT YEAR.

IN THE PAST THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT’S ESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF ORGAN
TRANSPLANTS NEEDED DURING A GIVEN YEAR HAVE BEEN VERY UNRELIABLE.

FOR ANY GIVEN FATALITY RESULTING FROM A CAR OR MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENT,
THERE IS A HOSPITAL IN THE VINCINITY IN NEED OF AN ORGAN FOR A
TRANSPLANT.

13. A PROGRAM OF MODERATE AEROBIC EXERCISE COUPLED WITH A DIET LOW IN
SATURATED FATS AND CHOLESTEROL HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED RISK OF
HEART ATTACKS AND STROKES. THEREFORE, NO ONE WHO EXERCISES REGULARLY AND
EATS ONLY FOODS THAT ARE LOW IN SATURATED FATS AND CHOLESTEROL WILL HAVE
A HEART ATTACK OR STROKE.

OF THE FOLLOWING, THE BEST CRITICISM OF THE ARGUMENT ABOVE IS THAT THE
ARGUMENT DOES NOT

SPECIFY WHETHER FOODS HIGH IN SATURATED FATS ALSO CONTAIN CHOLESTEROL

INDICATE WHETHER AN INCREASED RISK OF HEART ATTACKS AND STROKES IS DUE
MORE TO POOR DIET OR MORE TO LACK OF EXERCISE.

DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE CAUSES OF HEART ATTACKS AND THE CAUSES OF
STROKES.

TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE POSSIBILITY OF HEART ATTACKS THAT OCCUR REGARDLESS
OF DIET AND LEVEL OF EXERCISE.

TAKE INTO ACCOUNT ALL OF THE POSSIBLE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SATURATED
FATS AND CHOLESTEROL.

14. MANY FARMERS IN THE UNITED STATES ARE TURNING AWAY FROM SYNTHETIC
FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES, WHOSE COSTS ARE RISING RAPIDLY, AND CHOOSING
SYSTEMS OF ORGANIC FARMING DESIGNED TO REPLENISH NUTRIENTS IN THE SOIL.
STUDIES INDICATE THAT ALTHOUGH IN SOME INSTANCES CROP YIELDS ARE LOWER
IN THE YEARS IMMEDIATELY AFTER A FARMER CONVERS FROM A CHEMICAL TO AN
ORGANIC SYSTEM, THE FARMER’S NET INCOME IN EACH OF THOSE YEARS IN
NEVERTHELESS LIKELY TO BE HIGHER.

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING, IF TRUE, WOULD HELP EXPLAIN

WHY THE FARMER’S ANNUAL NET INCOME IS LIKELY TO BE HIGHER FOLLOWING
CONVERSION TO AN ORGANIC SYSTEM?

BY GROWING NITROGEN-FIXING PLANTS ALONGSIDE A CASH CROP OVER A PERIOD OF
YEARS, A FARMER CAN USUALLY INCREASE CROP YIELD DRAMATICALLY.

MANY FARMERS WHO HAVE PURCHASED EQUIPMENT USED IN CHEMICAL FARMING FEEL
THAT THEY HAVE IRREVOCABLY COMMITTED THEMSELVES TO USING SYNTHETIC
FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES.

THE MOST SUCCESSFUL SYSTEMS OF ORGANIC FARMING ARE INTENDED TO ENSURE
THE CONTINUED PRODUCTIVITY OF FARMLAND.

THE AMOUNT OF MONEY THE FARMER LOSES BY REDUCING CROP YIELD IS GENERALLY
LESS THAN THE AMOUNT THE FARMER SAVES IN PRODUCTION COSTS BY SWITCHING
FROM CHEMICAL FARMING TO AN ORGANIC SYSTEM.

FARMERS FOR WHOM ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENRS ARE PARAMOUNT ARE WILLING TO
TAKE FINANCIAL LOSSES TO AVOID SYNTHETIC FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES.

15. MIKO: ACADEMIC PRODUCTS DEVELOPED AT A UNIVERSITY ARE PROPERLY
CONSIDERED THE RESULTS OF “WORK FOR HIRE” AND REALLY BELONG TO THE
INSTITUTION. THEREFORE, THE UNIVERSITY SHOULD OWN THE COPYRIGHT FOR ANY
COMPUTER SOFTWARE DEVELOPED BY ITS FACULTY.

KOFI: BUT A COPYRIGHT POLICY THIS RESTRICTIVE CAN IMPEDE A
UNIVERSITY’S PRIMARY MISSION OF GENERATING AND DISSEMINATING
KNOWLEDGE.

KOFI’S RESPONSE HAS WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING RELATIONSHIPS TO MIKO’S
ARGUMENT?

KOFI SHOWS THAT MIKO FORMS A GENERALIZATION FROM AN ATYPICAL CASE.

KOFI POINTS OUT A HIDDEN ASSUMPTION REQUIRED BY MIKO’S ARGUMENT.

KOFI POINTS OUT A PROBLEMATIC CONSEQUENCE OF ACCEPTING MIKO’S
ARGUMENT.

KOFI SHOWS THAT MIKO’S REASONING IS CIRCULAR

KOFI’S CONTRADICTS MIKO’S EVIDENCE

16. BETWEEN 1949 AND 1968, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SPENT ONE-THIRD MORE
ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT THAN INDUSTRY DID FROM ITS OWN FUNDS. IN
1983, FOR THE FIRST TIME, INDUSTRY SPENT MORE ON RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT THAN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DID. REPRESENTATIVES OF INDUSTRY
CLAIM THAT THESE STATISTICS SHOW AN INCREASED COMMITMENT ON THE PART OF
INDUSTRY TO DEVELOP COMPETITIVE PRODUCTS.

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING, IF TRUE, WOULD HELP TO REFUTE THE CLAIM OF THE
REPRESENTATIVES OF INDUSTRY?

BEFORE 1983, MONEY SPENT BY INDUSTRY ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT WAS NOT
TAXED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

BETWEEN 1968 AND 1983, INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATE EXPERIENCED
INCREASING COMPETITION FROM INDUSTRY IN OTHER COUNTIRES.

IN 1979, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHIFTED RESEARCH ALLOCATIONS FROM
PHARMACEUTICALS TO ELECTRONICS.

SINCE 1963, INDUSTRY HAS DEVELOPED MAJOR PRODUCT INNOVATIONS, SUCH AS
THE PERSONAL COMPUTER.

IN 1983, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SPENT HALF AS MUCH ON RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT AS IT SPENT IN 1968.

17. IT IS NO WONDER THAT SOME DOMESTIC CAR COMPANIES HAVE TO ATTRACT
POTENTIAL BUYERS WITH REBATES AND LOW INTEREST RATES. WHY DO NOT THOSE
COMPANIES PRODUCE CARS THAT ARE MORE FUEL EFFICIENT? IF ALL DOMESTIC
MANUFACTURERS BULT CARE THAT WERE AS FUEL – EFFICIENT AS IMPORTED
CARS, REBATES AND LOW INTEREST RATES WOULD NOT BE NEEDED.

THE ARGUMENT ABOVE WOULD BE MOST STRENGHTENED IF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
WERE TRUE?

MANY CARS BUYERS PREFER TO PURCHASE MIDSIZE AND LARGER CARS.

MANY CAR BUYERS RATE OPERATIING COSTS AS LESS IMPORTANT THAN INITIAL
PURCHASE PRICE WHEN CHOOSING A CAR.

THE OFFER OF REBATES HAS ALWAYS SIGNIFIED THAT AN INDUSTRY IS ON
DECLINE.

FOR A MAJORITY OF BUYERS OF NEW CARS, HIGH FUEL EFFIECIENCY IS THE MOST
IMPORTANT CRITERION IN CHOOSING A CAR.

SOME CARS BUILT BY DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS ARE MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT THAN
MANY OF THE POPULAR IMPORTED CARS.

18. DIRECTIONS: THE FOLLOWING QUESTION IS BASED ON A SPECIFIC SET OF
CONDITIONS. IN ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS, IT MAY BE USEFUL TO DRAW A ROUGH
DIAGRAM. FOR EACH QUESTION, SELECT THE BEST ANSWER CHOICE GIVEN.

ON HOT MUSTARD’S NEWEST DOUBLE CD, SEVEN DONGS – H, I, J, K, M, O,
AND P – MUST BE RECORDED ONTO THE TWO CD’S. FOR A GIVEN CD, ANY
CHOICE OF SELECTIONS AND ANY SEQUENCE OF SELECTIONS WILL BE ACCEPTABLE
SO LONG AS THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ARE MET:

P MUST BE FIRST OR LAST ON A CD

H MUST BE PLACED ON THE SAME CD AS M, EITHER IMMEDIATELY BEFORE M OR
IMMEDIATELY AFTER M.

I CANNOT BE PLACED ON THE SAME CD AS K

O CAN BE PLACED ON THE SAME CD AS H, BUT NEITHER IMMEDIATELY BEFORE NOR
IMMEDIATELY AFTER H.

CD 1 CANNOT BEGIN WITH K

EACH CD MUST HAVE AT LEAST TWO SONGS. EACH SONG MUST APPEAR ON THE CD
SET EXACTLY ONE TIME.

IF CD 1 HAS EXACTLY THREE SONGS AND THE FIRST IS O, WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING COULD BE THE OTHER TWO SONGS ON CD1

K FOLLOWED BY P

P FOLLOWED BY J

H FOLLOWED BY I

I FOLLOWED BY K

J FOLLOWED BY H

19. ON HOT MUSTARD’S NEWEST DOUBLE CD, SEVEN SONGS – H, I, J, K,
M,O, AND P - MUST BE RECORDED ONTO THE TWO CDS. FOR A GIVEN CD, ANY
CHOICE OF SELECTIONS AND ANY SEQUENCE OF SELECTIONS WILL BE ACCEPTABLE
SO LONG AS THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ARE MET.

P MUST BE FIRST OR LAST ON A CD

H MUST BE PLACED ON THE SAME CD AS M, EITHER IMMEDIATELY BEFORE M OR
IMMEDIATELY AFTER M.

I CANNOT BE PLACED ON THE SAME CD AS K

O CAN BE PLACED ON THE SAME CD AS H, BUT NEITHER IMMEDIATELY BEFORE NOR
IMMEDIATELY AFTERH.

CD 1 CANNOT BEGIN WITH K. EACH CD MUST HAVE AT LEAST TWO SONGS. EACH
SONG MUST APPEAR ON THE CD SET EXACTLY ONE TIME

IF I AND J ARE THE ONLY SONGS ON CD1, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A
POSSIBLE ORDER OF THE SONGS FOR CD2?

M, H, M, O, K

P, H, M, O, K

P, M, O, K, H

H, M, O, P, K

K, H, O, M, P

DIRECTIONS: THE FOLLOWING QUESTION IS BASED ON A SPECIFIC SET OF
CONDITIONS IN ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS IT MAY BE USEFUL TO DRAW A ROUGH
DIAGRAM. FOR EACH QUESTION, SELECT THE BEST ANSWER CHOICE GIVEN.



20. A HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPAL WISHES TO SELECT FOUR STUDENTS FROM THE
STUDENT COUNCIL TO PARTICIPATE IN A FACULTY-STUDENT COMMITTEE AS
REPRESENTATIVES TO MEET WITH THE SCHOOL’S SENIR FACULTY. THE STUDENT
COUNCIL CONSISTS OF EXACTLY FOUR FEMALE MEMBERS – F, G, H, AND I AND
FOUR MALE MEMBERS – R, S, T, AND U. THE PRINCIPLE CAN SELECT ANY OF
THE STUDENT COUNCIL MEMBERS AS REPRESENTATIVES AS LONG AS SHE OBSERVES
THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS:

THE GROUP OF FOUR REPRESENTATIVES MUST CONSIST OF EXACTLY TWO FEMALE
MEMBERS AND TWO MALE MEMBERS. EITHER F OR G MUST BE ONE OF THE
REPRESENTATIVES, BUT F AND G CANNOT BOTH BE REPRESENTATIVES. IF R IS A
REPRESENTATIVE, H MUST ALSO BE A REPRESENTATIVE.

IF T IS A REPRESENTATIVE, G CANNOT BE REPRESENTATIVE.

IF NEITHER S NOR U IS A REPRESENTATIVE, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE
PAIR OF FEMALE MEMBERS WHO MUST BE REPRESENTATIVES?

F AND I

G AND H

G AND I

F AND G

F AND H

21. A HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPAL WISHES TO SELECT FOUR STUDENTS FROM THE
STUDENT COUNCIL TO PARTICIPATE IN A FACULTY STUDENT COMMITTEE AS
REPRESENTATIVES TO MEET WITH THE SCHOOLS SENIOR FACULTY. THE STUDENT
COUNCIL CONSISTS OF EXACTLY FOUR FEMALE MEMBERS F G H AND I AND FOUR
MALE MEMBERS R S T AND U. THE PRINCIPAL CAN SELECT ANY OF THE STUDENT
COUNCIL MEMBERS AS REPRESENTATIVES AS LONG AS SHE OBSERVES THE FOLLOWING
RESTRICTIONS:

IF T IS A REPRESENTATIVE, G CANNOT BE REPRESENTATIVE.

IT T IS A REPRESENTATIVE AND H IS NOT A REPRESENTATIVE, THE GROUP OF
REPRESENTATIVES WOULD BE COMPLETELY DETERMINED IF IT WERE ALSO TRUE THAT

G IS NOT A REPRESENTATIVE

R IS NOT A REPRESENTATIVE

U IS NOT A REPRESENTATIVE

F IS A REPRESENTATIVE

I IS A REPRESENTATIVE

22. ALL FIVE OF OUR SENSES INFLUENCE OUR THINKING PROCESS.

FALSE

TRUE

23. PERCEPTION REFERS SPECIFICALLY TO THE WAY WE SEE AND HEAR OUR
EXPERIENCES.

TRUE

FALSE

24. WE USE LANGUAGE TO….

ALL OF THE ABOVE

INFORM

EXPLAIN

PERSUADE

25. TO THINK ACCURATELY, WE NEED TO BE AWARE OF LINGUISTIC TWIST ON OUR
THINKING.

FALSE

TRUE

26. THE BEST WAY TO PRESENT OUR REASONING IS BY USING_____

INFORMATIVE LANGUAGE

ALL OF THE ABOVE

PRECISE LANGUAGE

FACTUAL LANGUAGE

27. THE VALIDITY OF AN ARGUMENT REFERS ONLY TO THE STRUCTURE OF AN
ARGUMENT.

TRUE

FALSE

28. ONE OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS AN ISSUE TO BE ARGUED. WHICH ONE?

GONE WITH THE WIND IS THE BEST MOVIE EVER MADE

THE BEATLES WERE ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL ROCK BANDS IN THE WORLD.

THE STUDENTS AGREED THAT THE FINAL EXAM WAS RIGOROUS.

PHOENIX, AZ IS ONE OF THE FASTEST GROWING CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES.

29. IDENTIFY THE CONCLUSION IN THE FOLLOWING ARGUMENT: HE IS AN
INCONSIDERATE PERSON BECAUSE HE DAMAGED MY REPUTATION UNJUSTLY AND HE
REFUSED TO REPAY THE MONEY I HAD LENT HIM.

HE DAMAGED MY REPUTATION

HE REFUSED TO REPAY THE MONEY I HAD LENT HIM

HE IS AN INCONSIDERATE PERSON

30. IS THIS ARGUMENT VALID? NIXON WAS UNDOUBTEDLY GUILTY OF SERIOUS
POLITICAL CRIMES. SO MANY PEOPLE THINK HE WAS GUILTY – HE MUST HAVE
BEEN.

TRUE

FALSE

31. AN ARGUMENT CANNOT BE VALID IF THE PREMISES ARE FALSE.

TRUE

FALSE

32. CRITICAL THINKING REQUIRES THE THINKER TO IMPOSE CERTAIN STANDARDS
ON HIS OR HER THINKING STRUCTURES. CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:

COGNITIVE STANDARDS

ALL OF THE ABOVE

PSYCHOLOGICAL STANDARDS

EMOTIONAL STANDARDS

INTELLECTUAL STANDARDS

33. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS FALSE ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING.

RELATIONSHIPS ARE HELD TO INVOLVE DEVELOPMENTAL TRANSFORMATION

OPENNESS IS WELCOME

NONE OF THE ABOVE IS FALSE

CHANGE IS REGARDED AS A FUNDAMENTAL REALITY

FORMS AND STRUCTURES ARE PERCEIVED AS TEMPORARY

34. CRITICAL THINKING IS TRIGGERED BY POSITIVE AS WELL AS NEGATIVE
EVENTS.

TRUE

FALSE

35. CRITICAL THINKING IS TRIGGERED BY DRAMATIC CHANGE.

TRUE

FALSE

36. A PERSON CANNOT THINK WITHOUT MAKING ASSUMPTIONS.

TRUE

FALSE

37. THE BEST WAY TO HANDLE ASSUMPTIONS IN CRITICAL THINKING IS TO

QUESTION THEM

AVOID THEM

DENY THEM

IGNORE THEM

38. EMOTIONAL THOUGHTS ARE BASED MORE ON PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES THAN
PRESENT EVENTS.

TRUE

FALSE

39. EVERY THOUGHT THAT WE HAVE IS COUPLED WITH AT LEAST ONE EMOTION AS
WELL

FALSE

TRUE

40. IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DENY BIASES, PREJUDICES, AND STEROTYPES IN THE
CRITICAL THINKING PROCESS

TRUE

FALSE