Groups on a benzene ring

what determines whether a group on a benzene ring will be activating or deactivating and ortho para or meta directing?

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Nitration - Explain why nitration of 1,4-dichloro-benzene yields the mononitro derivative while N,N'-diacetyl-1,4-phenylenediamine forms the dinitro compound. Thanks.
Reactivity - Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing toward nitration. And please explain why: (a) Acetanilide (b) Acetophenone (c) Bromobenzene (d) Toluene
mechanisms - Benzene is brominated in the presence of FeBr3 catalyst. Suggest an appropriate mechanism for this reaction.
Aromatic Compounds and Electrophilic Substitution - 1. Provide structures for these compounds. (a) p-nitrobenzoic acid (b) 3, 5-dimethylcychohexanone (c) N-methyl-2,3-dimethylhexanamide (d) 4-ethyl-2-propyloctanoic acid 3. Order the f ...
Show a reasonable synthesis for the final compound from benzene or toluene. - 1. Show a set of pathways (some good, some bad) for making the target from benzene in three steps. See file attachment. 2. Show a resonable synthesis for the compound in fig 2 starting from benzen ...