Suppose that 3 freshmen, 5 sophomores, 4 juniors, and 2 seniors have been nominated to serve on a student advisory committee. How many different committees can be formed under the following circumstances?
(a) The committee is to consist of any four persons.
(b) The committee is to consist of one freshman, one sophomore, one junior, and one senior.
(c) The committee is to consist of two persons: one freshman or sophomore and one junior or senior.
(d) The committee is to consist of three persons from different classes.
This provides examples of determining how many committees can be formed with given circumstances.