answer in lines/cm

When a grating is used with light that has a wavelength of 621 nm, a third-order maximum is formed at an angle of 18.0°. How many lines per centimeter does this grating have?

answer in nanometers

A mixture of red light (vacuum = 661 nm) and green light (vacuum = 551 nm) shines perpendicularly on a soap film (n = 1.41) that has air on either side. What is the minimum nonzero thickness of the film, so that destructive interference causes it to look red in reflected light?

answer in meters

Late one night on a highway, a car speeds by you and fades into the distance. Under these conditions the pupils of your eyes (average refractive index = 1.36) have diameters of about 7.0 mm. The taillights of this car are separated by a distance of 1.4 m and emit red light (wavelength = 660 nm in vacuum). How far away from you i ...continues

Light Spectrum

2) You are examining the light spectrum from a hot galactic gas. From the frequencies in the spectrum, you conclude that the gas is mostly made of hydrogen. From the relative intensities of each part of the spectrum, you deduce that for every 12 hydrogen atoms in the first excited state, there are 3 in the second excited state ...continues

microstates

1) Polymers, like rubber, are made of very long molecules, usually tangled up. Another very crude model of a rubber band is that each link is either crumbled up or stretched. If it is crumbled up, its length is negligible and it is in the lowest energy state, call it E = 0. If it is stretched, then its length is L and it is ...continues

entropy

6) Explain how you could find the entropy of a diatomic ideal gas. You do not actually need to do the calculation, just explain, starting from first principles, how you could do it. Make sure you explain how to incorporate the vibrational and rotational aspects of the diatomic molecule. Also point out any connections to the mo ...continues

heat capacity

7) The heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy required to change the temperature of an object. The specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy required to change the temperature of an object per mole of the substance. Circle the appropriate answer for each. (5 points) a) Heat capacity is an In ...continues

equilibrium conditions

A container is partitioned by a porous, fixed, wall. Because the wall is porous, it allows particles to diffusive from one side to the other (note that by 'diffuse' I mean that there are tiny holes in the wall which allow the gas particles to make it through; there is not some big gaping hole). ... (see attachment for remainder ...continues

Bohr model

In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, an electron can orbit a proton (the nucleus) in a circular orbit of radius 4.76à—10-10m. What is the electric potential at the electron's orbit due to the proton?

Maximum resistance

Suppose that you have a 460Ohm, a 850Ohm, and a 1.50kilo-Ohm resistor. What is the maximum resistance you can obtain by combining these?