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Polymerase chain reaction problem

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I have using sterile technique, made up in an eppendorf tube the following:
Sterile water 15 ul,
primer 1 @ 30ng/ul,
primer 2 @ 30 ng/ul,
DNA Preparation (listeria or e.coli 5 ul),
Mastermix 25 ul.

I mixed the tubes and heated them, and carried out the elecrophoresis
for staining to obtain a photograph.
I need to draw a diagram to explain why the precise target sequence is not amplified until the third cycle of the PCR, also, how is the value of the annealing temperature is determined for a given P.C.R protocol.

Can you help?

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This question is a typical problem encountered in laboratories. The solution shows step-by-step how to solve the question and provides helpful diagrams that outline the solution. There is also a link provided for further reading and extra information that can serve as a study guide.

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The precise target sequence that you are amplifying will not appear until the third cycle of PCR. According to the starting materials you have provided, you have begun your reaction with DNA from a bacteria. This DNA will be a full length genomic DNA sequence. With the primers provided you will be amplifying a shorter target seqence within this genomic sequence.

To do this question (and as a helpful guide to answering future PCR qeustions) it helps to write out the reaction steps with the 5' and 3' ends labelled. Keeping in mind that with each cycle the DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand complementary to the DNA template strand by adding dNTP's that are complementary to the template in the 5' to 3' direction, condensing the 5'-phosphate group of the dNTPs with the 3'-hydroxyl group at the end of the nascent (extending) DNA strand.

So with cycle one:

Your genomic sequence:

5'----------------------------------------3'
3'----------------------------------------5'

Let's assume that your primers will anneal to a target sequence within the above genomic sequence. ...

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