Basic Organic Problems

1. Draw structural diagrams and give the names for the isomers of pentane.

2. When 2-butene reacts with hydrogen chloride gas, only one product is detected, whereas when 1-butene reacts similarly, two products are usually found. Explain this.

3. Geometric isomers exist in the alkenes but not in the alkynes. Explain why.

4. Which of the following pairs is (are) structural isomer(s) and which is (are) geometric isomer(s)?

a) H H
│ │
Cl─C─ C─Cl
│ │
H H

Cl H
│ │
Cl─C─ C─Cl
│ │
H H

b) Br
│
Cl─C= C─Cl
│
Br

Br Br
│ │
H─C─ C─H

c) H Cl
│ │
H─C─ C─Cl
│ │
H H

Cl H
│ │
H─C─ C─Cl
│ │
H H

d) H
│
H─ C─H
│
H │ H
│ │ │
H─ C ─ C ─ C ─ H
│ │ │
H H H

H
│
H─ C─H
│
H │
│ │
H─ C ─ C ─ H
│ │
│
│
H─ C ─ H
│
H

e) H
│
H O H
│ │ │
H─ C ─ C ─ C ─ H
H H H

H H H
│ │ │
H─ C ─ C ─ C ─ OH
H H H

5. Give the names for each of the following compounds:

a) CH3─C=CH─CH2─CH3
│
CH3

b) CH3
│
CH3─CH2─C─CH─CH3
│ │
CH3 CH3

c) Cl
│
CH3─C=C─CH2─CH3
│
Cl

d) CH3─CH2─C≡C─CH2─CH3

6. We often hear the terms organic, natural, and chemical in the media. Organic and natural are usually used to imply that a product is "healthy" and/or "environmentally friendly" while chemical often implies negative implications for health and for the environment. In your opinion, are these implications justified? Use specific examples to support the answer.

7. Provide and briefly explain two examples of how organic chemistry can be used to improve existing products and thus provide solutions to newly identified health or environmental problems. ( I know one is unleaded instead of leaded gasoline. Think of two more.)

Need to identify the health or environmental problem to be solved - and an explanation of how the example will solve it.