Modern Epidemiology
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1.) Explain the meanings and uses of incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality in modern epidemiology.
2.) What are "secular trends" and "cohort effects" in epidemiology? What is the essential difference between the two?
3.) Explain the term "population at risk" and provide at least two relevant examples as seen in the practice of modern epidemiology.
4.) Differentiate among ratios, proportions, and rates as used in epidemiology today. Define each of these measurements, and briefly describe its importance in community health.
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Solution Summary
This solution defines common terms related to modern epidemiology using examples.
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According to Wikipedia, Epidemiology is defined as "the study and analysis of the distribution (who, who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations". In other words, it is the process of finding the causes of health outcomes and diseases in populations.
The following terms are commonly used when discussing these findings.
Incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease. It helps to determine the probability (likelihood) that a person will get a certain disease over a period of time.
Prevalence is similar to incidence and the two definitions are often confused for each other; however, prevalence basically refers to how widespread the disease is. You're determining the actual number of cases alive with the disease either during a period of time or at a particular date in time.
Morbidity is just another word for "illness". Mortality is another word for "death". So, morbidity refers to having a disease, or a symptom of disease. It also relates to the amount of disease within a ...
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