Models of Addiction..
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Please help with explaining addiction from the physical dependence model/perspective. Within this please include theoretical and empirical support for this model/perspective.
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Solution Summary
This solution discusses alcohol dependency. The models of addiction are determined.
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Based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5 APA, 2013), physiological alcohol dependency is characterized by symptoms including: tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, early onset, higher intake; and more problems related to increased alcohol consumption. In addition, based on the DSM criteria, alcohol withdrawal symptoms can take up to 4 to 12 hours after the reduction of intake. Thus, individuals with alcohol dependency may continue to consume alcohol despite adverse consequences. Moreover, based on the DSM (2013) criteria for alcohol dependency (now alcoholism), many individuals never experience alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and only a 5% experience symptoms such as delirium. As a consequence the person dependent on alcohol may continue to consume excessive amounts of alcohol.
One model of alcohol dependency is based on neurobiological and functional adaptation that results in a state of alcohol dependence. In their study, Clapp, Bhave, Sanjiv, & Hoffman (2008) explain the development of alcoholism from a pharmacological perspective. They explain that changes in brain chemistry leads to physiological withdrawal symptoms when the individual is not drinking. Clapp et al present research that point to adaptive changes that contribute to alcohol dependence. Due to ...
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