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The development of equality of minorities and women has gone through many stage namely the initiation of political equality, the development of social equality, and finally the accessing of opportunities by minorities in the United States from the Civil War to the 1970â??s. These various movements utilized various methods such as civil disobedience, education through written work, and media propaganda, legal and physical advancement of the movement. Sometimes they made gains as well as falling short in promoting their cause.

The first stages has been the gaining of political equality through struggle and conflict through various methods to gain political access to voting, citizenship, and a say in the elections as well as protection of their civil rights. The African-American obtained citizenship in 1868 from the 14th Amendment oas well as the right to vote in 1870 from the 15th Amendment. After the Civil War, women were able to lead reform movements such as the Prohibition and the Anti-Slavery movement that gave them a platform to fight for womenâ??s rights. In 1840, they created the Seneca Falls Declaration of the rights of Women. During the period after the war, the African-Americans had to fight political discrimination originating from literacy test for voting by going to the Supreme Court in Williams v Miss.. The literacy test was removed. In addition, the Reconstruction found further discrimination in the Black Codes that was limiting blacks from testifying. In 1905, the Niagara Movement fought to remove these limits and the NAACP was created in 1909 to further political equality. In addition, WWI and WWII found blacks fighting in the armed forces as well as trying to gain equality in the army. In 1901, Elizabeth Cady Stanton was able to get the vote for women. Both these wars especially WWII, allowed women to move out of the house and find jobs that replaced men. This allows greater freedom for women. WWII showed discrimination against the Japanese-Americans in the concentration camps, but with the development of the Japanese American for Democracy movement and their participation in the war, they were able to gain greater recognition for their group. Between 1955-1968, the Civil Rights movement led by Martin Luther King gained ground against legal segregation in the Montgomery Boycott, the March for Washington, and the kitchen sit- ins. Black students also used buses to demonstrate against discrimination in the Freedom Rides. Other minorities such as the Chicano movement, the Asian-American movement, and the Japanese-American movement fought to obtain and promote the civil rights of their respective groups. This led to the establishment of the Civil Rights Act of 1963 that granted equal rights to all ...